أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

كتابة: Farah Adlah - آخر تحديث: 21 يوليو 2023
أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

اهتمّ الخلفاء في العصر الأموي بالشعر ، حيث ازدهر في عهدهم ، وشهد هذا العصر أهم وأشهر الشعراء .

وفي مقالنا هذا نذكر أهم شعراء العصر الأموي ، كما سنتعرف على أبرز قصائدهم .

الأخطل من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

ولد الأخطل في الحيرة سنة 640 ميلادي، وتوفّي سنة 710 ميلادي في عهد الوليد بن عبد الملك.

اسمه غياث أبو مالك ،نشأ في دمشق حيث اشتهر بمدح الخلفاء الأمويين ،وفي عهد الخليفة يزيد أصبح الشاعر الرسمي للبلاط الأموي.

قضى الأخطل معظم حياته في البلاط الأموي، يمدح خلفاء بني أميّة ، ويكسب المال ،واعتبر كذلك من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي.

كما اشتهر الأخطل بالهجاء، وهذا ما زاد من مكانته حيث نظّم شعره دفاعاً عن بني أميّة ، يهجو فيه أعداءهم أشدّ هجاء.

كما حرص الأخطل أن يذكر قبيلته تغلب في شعره ، وهذا ما رفع من مكانتها بين القبائل.

كذلك يعتبر الأخطل من أهمّ شعراء عصره، واكتسب الشهرة الواسعة متميّزاً بفصاحته وبلاغته .

من قصائده قصيدة،لعمرك ما لقيت يوم معيشة يقول فيها:

لَعَمرُكَ ما لاقَيتُ يَومَ مَعيشَةٍ

مِنَ الدَهرِ إِلّا يَومُ شَقراءَ أَقصَرُ

حَوارِيَّةٌ لا يَقرَبُ الذَمُّ بَيتَها

مُطَهَّرَةٌ يَأوي إِلَيها مَطَهَّرُ

وَبَيتٍ كَظَهرِ الفيلِ أَكثَرُ حَشوِهِ

أَباريقُهُ وَالشارِبُ المُتَقَطِّرُ

شاهد أيضًا: معلومات عن الأنساب والقبائل

الفرزدق من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

الفرزدق

وهو همام بن غالب بن صعصعة ،ولد في البصرة في السنة العشرين للهجرة، وتوفي سنة 100 هجري.

اشتهر الفرزدق بنسبه إلى قبيلة دارم، والتي اشتهرت بين القبائل بقوّتها ، وقد لقّب الفرزدق بهذا الاسم  بسبب خشونة ملامح وجهه.

اكتسب الفرزدق خصاله من أهل البادية ، حيث كان حاد الطّباع ، وقوياً في الجدال ، كما أنّه اكتسب اللغة الصحراوية .

كما يعد الفرزدق من أهم شعراء العصر الأموي وأشهرهم،

حيث عاش متنقّلاً بين الولاة والخلفاء يمدحهم في شعره .

عرف الفرزدق بمواقفه تجاه أهل البيت، كما  مدحهم وافتخر بهم ، وناصرهم.

تميّز شعر الفرزدق بأسلوبه القوي وجودته،  كما كان صريحاً وجريئاً في شعره ،وعرف بفضله في إحياء اللغة العربية .

من قصائده ، قصيدة عجبت إلى قيس تضاهي كلابها يقول :

عَجِبتُ إِلى قَيسٍ تُضاهي كِلابُها

وَهُنَّ عَلى الأَذقانِ تَحتَ لِباني

لَعَمرُكَ ما أَدري أَطالِبُ سالِمٍ

إِلى اللُؤمِ أَدنى أَم أَبو اِبنِ دُخانِ

لَئيمانِ كانا مَولَيَينِ كِلاهُما

ذَليلٌ غَداةَ الرَوعِ وَالحَدَثانِ

وَهَبتُ بَني بَدرٍ لِأَسماءَ بَعدَما

جَرَت فَوقَهُ رَيحانِ يَختَلِفانِ

إِذا ما حَلَلنا حَلَّ مَن كانَ خَلفَنا

وَيَتبَعُنا إِن نَظعَنِ الثَقَلانِ

أَنا اِبنُ بَني سَعدٍ تَكونُ إِذا اِرتَمى

بِقَيسٍ لِغارَي خِندِفَ الرَحَوانِ

شاهد أيضًا: معلومات عن مدينة دمشق

جرير من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

جرير من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي

هو جرير بن عطية ، من بني كليب من قبيلة بني تميم في نجد ،ولد في بداية نجد سنة 653ميلادي.

يعتبر جرير كذلك  من أهمّ شعراء العصر الأموي ،

حيث نال منزلة كبيرةً عند الخليفة عبد الملك ،كما أطلق عليه اسم شاعر بني أميّة.

كما تميّز جرير بالعفة في الحياة و في الغزل،  ولكنّ هجاءه كان فاحشاً ومهيناّ ،

وتمكّن  كذلك من إسكات شعراء عصره بأسلوبه.

ولم يثبت أمامه سوى الفرزدق والأخطل ، حيث شكّلوا ما يعرف بمثلث بني أميّة، وهم أشهر شعراء النقائض  .

كما نظّم جرير شعره في المدح، الغزل ، الهجاء وفي الوصف ،وكان  من أشهر شعراء عصره.

من قصائده قصيدة، ألستَ اللئيمَ وفرخ اللئيم ،يقول فيها:

أَلَستَ اللَئيمَ وَفَرخَ اللَئيمِ

فَما لَكَ يا اِبنَ أَبي كامِلِ

أَخالَفتَ سَعداً وَحُكّامَها

أَيا ضَرَّةَ الأَرنَبِ الحافِلِ

فَلَولا زِيادٌ وَحُسنُ البَلاءِ

وَإِنّي أَهابُ أَبا كامِلِ

لَنالَ أَبا كامِلٍ وَاِبنَهُ

صَواعِقُ مِن بَرِدٍ وابِلِ

شاهد أيضًا: ما هو نسب عثمان بن عفان

قيس بن الملوّح من أهم شعراء العصر الأموي

قيس بن الملوّح من أهم شعراء العصر الأموي

هو أشهر شعراء الغزل العذري،  ولد في 645 ميلادي وعاش بين فترة حكم الخليفة مروان بن الحكم وعبد الملك مروان .

تميّز شعره بالغزل العذري، حيث عاش ينشد لمحبوبته ليلي ابن عمّه ، حتى لقّب بمجنون ليلى، كما له ديوان شعر في عشق ليلى.

عندما رفضوا تزويجه ليلى ، هام في الصحاري يتنقّل بين الشام والحجازونجد، حتى وجد ميّتاً بين كومة حصى سنة 688 ميلادي.

من قصائده في حب ليلى يقول:

تَبكي عَلى لَيلى خُفاتاً وَما رَأَت

لَكَ العَينُ أَسواراً لِلَيلى وَلا حِجلا

وَلَكِنَّ نَظراتٍ بِعَينٍ مَليحَةٍ

أولاكَ اللَواتي قَد مَثَلنَ بِنا مَثلا

شاهد أيضًا: تقسيط جوالات بنك الراجحي بدون فوائد

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